글번호 : 22811073
작성일 : 11.04.21 | 조회수 : 461
제목 : 주한 영국대사 특강 | 글쓴이 : eu-center | ||||
첨부파일: What does it take to be.docx | |||||
What
does it take to be "Global Korea"?
14 April 2011
British
Ambassador Martin Uden delivered a speech to the EU Centre at the Hankuk
University of Foreign Studies on Thursday 14 April 2011
Introduction Ladies
and Gentlemen, it is my great pleasure to be at Hankuk University of Foreign
Studies today, speaking to you as Korea's future leaders in government,
business and civil society.
I want
to talk today about "Global Korea", a phrase we increasingly read in
the media and hear in government speeches. It's a phrase that is often
loosely defined and seems to mean different things to different people.
Does "being global" mean having a large economy? Does it
mean having military weight or being able to influence other countries'
decisions? Or is it cultural, where one's national dish is eaten in every
capital city in the world?
I'm
going to talk to you today about what being a global player means from a
diplomat's perspective and explore the implications of this for Korea's foreign
policy. I look forward to hearing your views in the Q and A session at
the end.
Global
Korea
We are
living in an unprecedented age of globalisation, spurred on by rapid
technological advances. Countries are now truly interdependent.
Globalisation has created shared threats and interests that necessitate
deeper obligations between states and their citizens. It requires a
different type of international politics and a certain type of global
leadership.
Both
Britain and Korea have received many benefits from globalisation. Korea
has seen rapid economic growth, fuelled by an export-oriented economic
strategy. The UK has seen globalisation drive structural economic changes
that will support our future economic prospects. Foreign capital has
tackled the lack of long term investment from weak savings. Foreign talent has
filled gaps in skills and management expertise.
But to
share in the benefits of globalisation, countries also need to share the cost
and responsibility of maintaining those benefits. This requires a concept
of national interest that includes responsibility for safeguarding the health
of the international system. The international public goods that maintain
the benefits of globalisation - economic growth, regional stability,
international peace and security, environmental health - need to be protected
by the international community together. Global players will take the
lead in these efforts.
So
with this in mind, I would argue that a global player (and a Global Korea)
needs to include the following three objectives within its foreign policy aims:
1.
Firstly, the safeguarding of global security.
· In an interdependent world, our national
prosperity requires stability and security. This includes traditional
security threats, such as conflict, terrorism and proliferation. Our
security and stability are threatened by health and environmental problems,
which do not respect national borders. A global player contributes to
tackling and minimising these threats within an international framework.
2. Secondly,
as the recent financial crisis has shown, countries must take an international
outlook to economic growth and stability, advancing prosperity across borders.
· Economic growth in other countries matters to the
rest of us more than ever before. Instability is contagious.
Countries must advance an international prosperity agenda that supports
free trade and contributes towards the economic development of other countries.
3. Finally,
a global player needs to uphold and support the international values of human
rights, tolerance and the rule of law.
· In its treatment of its own citizens and in its
engagement around the world, sovereign states have responsibilities that are
enshrined by a set of universal values as set out in the UN's Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
· When human rights abuses go unchecked, our
security and prosperity suffer as well. The uprisings in the Middle East
and North Africa demonstrate the huge consequences of suppressing people's
basic and fundamental rights.
· In Britain, we put support for human rights at the
centre of our foreign policy. We believe this support is in our own
long-term economic interest. Countries prepared to abuse their own people
are unlikely to be stable and reliable economic partners. We also need to
be accountable to our own population: British citizens now ask hard questions
about countries we are trading with. They want to know about health and
labour standards, ethics and foreign policy positions.
Security
I'm
now going to take each of these three responsibilities and explore what this
means in practice for British and Korean foreign policy.
Security on the Korean peninsula
Firstly,
the responsibility to maintain global peace and security. Korea has a
unique perspective here. 60 years ago, in the face of aggression from the
DPRK, the international community under the flag of the United Nations,
intervened to protect the Republic of Korea's sovereignty. Britain was
the second largest contributor to this international effort to repel the
invasion, providing 58,000 troops.
Next
week, 100 British veterans of the Korean War and their families will return to
the Republic of Korea. These revisits are always personal highlights of
the year for me. It's very moving to talk with veterans reflecting on the
sacrifices made 60 years ago, who are returning to see a country that has made
massive political and economic progress. As a result of the UN
intervention in 1950, the Republic of Korea is now a global economic power with
a population that enjoys democratic freedoms and benefits from the rule of law.
Members
of the international community, including Britain, have an ongoing role in
maintaining security on the Korean peninsula. Britain is a member of the
UN Command Military Armistice Commission, monitoring the armistice agreement on
the peninsula.
Britain
is also a strong supporter of the Republic of Korea in the face of continuing
aggression from the DPRK: last year, we strongly condemned the sinking of the
Cheonan and sent naval and forensic experts from the British government to the
international team investigating the sinking.
Maintaining security outside the Korean peninsula
Despite
these difficulties closer to home, the Republic of Korea is becoming an
increasingly active player in tackling traditional security threats outside the
Korean peninsula. Britain and Korea have made contributions to the
promotion of global peace and stability by carrying out operations in parts of
the world such as East Timor, Iraq and Somalia.
As
President Lee said last month, "Korean armed forces have taken a leap
forward in defending world peace." Britain welcomes Korea's
deployment of troops and reconstruction experts to Parwan Province in
Afghanistan, which is important to the efforts to bring stability there, and
welcomes Korea's wider contribution to UN peacekeeping operations globally.
UN peacekeeping
This
map shows where British and Korean troops have been deployed in the UN's name
since official UN peacekeeping deployments began.
UN
peacekeeping continues to evolve, both conceptually and operationally, to meet
new challenges and political realities. Faced with the rising demand for
increasingly complex peace operations, the United Nations in the past few years
has been overstretched and challenged as never before. The organisation
has worked vigorously to strengthen its capacity to manage and sustain field
operations and, thus, contribute to the most important function of the United
Nations - maintaining international peace and security.
There
are many examples of where international peacekeeping efforts have made a real
difference to securing peace and stability and to improving the lives of people
affected by conflict. It is important that Korea and the UK continue to
use their economic and political influence to support the UN in this goal.
Britain
and Korea have a strong shared history and share important priorities today.
That reinforces our duty of responsible sovereignty, including the need
to enhance peace and security within the international community. We have
a collective responsibility to protect populations from crimes against humanity.
Nuclear proliferation
As
well as maintaining security and stability in a traditional sense through
military interventions and peacekeeping, global players also need to tackle the
serious risk of nuclear proliferation. It is crucial that global players
uphold and enforce the international nonproliferation regime.
The UN
Security Council has formally recognised the threat to nonproliferation posed
by Iran through its decision last year to impose further sanctions on the
country. It has been challenging for Korea to respond to these sanctions
as Iran is a large supplier of oil imports and an export market for Korean
goods.
But
the risks to Korea's energy security will be far greater if Iran were to
develop nuclear weapons. A nuclear-armed Iran could induce Saudi Arabia,
Egypt, Turkey and others to reconsider their decisions not to develop nuclear
weapons. If they did so, the breakdown in the nonproliferation regime
would hasten. Tensions would rise in the Persian Gulf, putting at risk the
global energy market.
It is
very important for Korea to play a strong role in implementing the sanctions
regime against Iran and other proliferating states of concern. If we fail
to work in concert now, together we will face severe consequences later.
Climate change
Global
players must also work together to tackle the shared threat of climate change.
Continued global warming is likely to lead to more intense heat waves,
droughts and severe storms in many regions. The social, environmental and
economic costs of climate change would be huge.
And
climate change is not just a threat in itself - it acts as a multiplier on
existing stresses over scarce natural resources. Global food prices are
rising and this could accelerate as climate change affects harvests around the
world. Water scarcity will intensify with any rise in temperatures and
change in weather patterns resulting from climate changes. The UN
estimates that almost half of the world's population will be living in areas of
high water stress by 2030. Rising oil and gas prices would be a major
constraint on stable growth.
In
Europe, we recognised the threat of climate change at an early stage and took
bold actions to start the transition towards a low carbon economy. The EU
has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 and by
80% by 2050. In the UK, we have made our low carbon targets legally
binding. London has become the financial centre for the emerging global
carbon market.
I know
President Lee also recognises the scale and urgency of the problem and I
welcome the actions Korea is taking to accelerate the transition to an energy
efficient, low-carbon, high growth global economy.
The
world needs clear leadership in climate change - an area where Korea could well
play an important role. Korea has a real chance to become a global
leader. Countries look to Korea as a model for economic growth. If
Korea can show that it's possible to grow and be green at the same time then
there is a real opportunity to change the way that people think about economic
growth.
President
Lee is clear that the drivers of future economic growth will be green:
low carbon technology, new and renewable energy, energy efficient
products. You are about to implement some of the hard policies to make
the transition to this new green model of growth, notably an Emissions Trading
Scheme.
I am
pleased that the UK has been associated with many of the policy developments
taking place, and very proud of the strong partnership that my Embassy has
built with the Korean government on climate change.
The
Cancun Agreement showed that the international community is serious about
tackling climate change. But we will achieve a legally binding global
deal only when countries have confidence in the low carbon economy. That makes
Korea's role so important. Your green growth policies can be a model for
the world.
The
world needs Korea to be active internationally, showing the leadership you did
at the G20, explaining, exporting, and accelerating green growth.
From
my time here in the 1970s I recall the Saemaul Movement. You took this
model to other countries, telling the Saemaul Movement story and encouraging
leaders to develop their own programmes.
I
believe that Korea can use this kind of approach with Low Carbon, Green Growth.
You can use the energetic diplomacy we saw at the G20 to tell the green
growth story - persuading, building confidence, and encouraging leaders to
develop their own green model of growth.
Of
course, the Saemaul Movement developed over decades. We do not have that
time. Climate change will not wait. The world needs Korean
leadership on green growth now.
Prosperity
The
second responsibility for global players is to advance prosperity across
national borders rather than focus on narrow national economic interests.
The Great Depression of the 1930s and the more recent financial crisis
showed us that economic instability in one country has knock-on effects
globally.
It is
an open global economy that has driven economic growth and the rise in living
standards across the world. A responsible global player is one that works
with other countries to keep the forces of protectionism at bay and to
dismantle barriers to trade.
The UK
continues to argue strongly for open trade and investment. And Korea
shares our philosophy that open markets are central to driving global economic
growth and poverty reduction.
We are
both advocates of an early conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda in 2011.
This would deliver a boost of ?110bn per year to the global economy, give
the poorest people in the world a share of the benefits of globalisation, and
provide the global economy with a powerful engine for growth. It is
important that Korea continues to be a voice in Asia advocating free trade.
I am
delighted to be speaking to you at a time when the EU and Korea have much to
celebrate in terms of our commitment to liberalising trade. Britain
strongly supports swift application of the EU/Korea Free Trade Agreement, which
will give a major boost to our bilateral trading relationship. It is
important for both sides that the FTA is ratified and ready to come into force
on 1 July this year.
This
is the most ambitious trade agreement ever negotiated by the EU and the second
largest ever negotiated in the world, removing virtually all tariff and
non-tariff barriers. We expect it will be worth up to 19 billion Euros to
European business and 13 billion Euros to Korean business. It sends a
powerful message to the rest of the international community that the EU and
Korea are defenders of free trade and open markets.
Development
As
well as supporting international trade and open markets, Korea can also play a
role to advance global prosperity through its overseas investments and overseas
development assistance.
Korean
investment in developing countries can propel those countries to the next stage
of development and growth. To make this sustainable, the investment needs
to promote better governance, less corruption and improved accountability.
Many developing countries have made their commitments to improve
transparency and governance. Their larger trade and investment partners,
including Korea, must use their engagement to support these goals.
Korea
can also play a powerful role as a provider of overseas development assistance.
No one can fail to be impressed by Korea's rapid economic rise over the
last 60 years from a low income country after the Korean War to the 15th
largest economy in the world.
Since
I first arrived in Korea in 1978, I have seen with my own eyes the remarkable
growth that has transformed this country. And your chairmanship of the
G20 showcased this economic success story to the world.
By
sharing this experience and using your rising economic wealth to support
comprehensive, tailored overseas development programmes, Korea can contribute
to lifting developing countries out of poverty. This in turn can
contribute to a more peaceful and prosperous global society, through the
boosting of international trade and political stability.
Britain
welcomes Korea's admission to the OECD Development Assistance Committee, the
forum where major donor countries discuss aid effectiveness.
It is
meaningful that Korea has now ascended to the status of a major donor of
overseas development aid. Because of this experience, Korea will know how
important it is for donors to focus on aid effectiveness. Effective aid
is country-owned, results focused and not tied to commercial or political
interests. The UK looks forward to taking this discussion forward in the
High-Level Aid Effectiveness Forum in Busan later this year.
The
eradication of poverty is a vital international objective for the British
government - by 2013, the equivalent of 0.7% of the UK's gross national income
will be dedicated to development assistance, increasing from 0.36% in 2007/08.
Our
development programmes are resolutely focused on the reduction of poverty in
the poorest countries. And we stick firmly to the principle that aid must
not be tied.
International
Values
Human rights in foreign policy
As a
country that has transformed from authoritarianism to a stable democracy and
from developing to developed country in just a few decades, Korea will
recognise more than most the vital place of human rights and democracy in foreign
policy.
Because
of this history, Britain believes that Korea can play a unique role in
supporting human rights in its foreign policy.
Human
rights are now a basic value in our system of international law. It is
also clear in our experience that individual rights are a vital component of a
stable and sustainable political and economic system. Where human rights
abuses are left unchecked, regional and global security often suffers.
Britain
believes in strengthening the international frameworks and institutions that
support human rights, such as the International Criminal Court and tribunals
such as that for the Former Yugoslavia. Global players need to make the
argument to others that their interests as well as our own depend on a
rules-based international system.
We
recognise that countries develop at different paces. Democracy rests on
foundations that have to be built over time: strong institutions, responsible
and accountable government, a free press, the rule of law and equal rights for
men and women. Elections alone do not create a free and democratic
society.
But
this does not mean that we should sit on our hands or simply resign ourselves
to the idea that change in certain countries will not happen for decades.
We must work with other countries to build international coalitions that
speak out against human rights abuses, using our own conduct to set an example.
The
European Union raises concerns about human rights wherever and whenever those
concerns arises, including with those countries with whom we are seeking closer
ties. The EU's enlargement to the south and east has done much to
strengthen democracy and the rule of law across Europe. The enlargement
process continues to act as a powerful catalyst for progress in these areas.
Using
its economic weight and rising global influence, Korea has the ability to apply
pressure on regimes which commit serious human rights abuses, in places such as
Libya and Burma, as well as the DPRK.
Conclusion
I have
argued today that if you have a big stake in the international system, you need
to step up and protect that system. Economic growth in other countries
matters to the rest of us more than ever before. Instability is contagious.
Health and environmental problems do not respect national borders.
So a
global Korea with a large economic stake in the international system has a
responsibility to uphold global security, prosperity and values.
President Lee has been clear about this responsibility in his own
speeches and vision for Korea's international relations. Britain warmly
supports this vision.
특강내용 전문과 첨부파일 같이 올려드립니다.
|